中国-巴基斯坦两国文化互通 助力“一带一路”倡议顺利推进！

2018年伊始，阳光创译董事长吕国博士与他的老友——巴基斯坦驻华大使馆泽米尔·阿万参赞又进行了多次深入沟通：文化交流助力中巴两国“一带一路”倡议顺利推进！

吕国博士与巴基斯坦大使馆参赞ZamirAhmed Awan（泽米尔▪阿万）合影

阳光创译与巴基斯坦这个国家是有很深的渊源的。在2015年4月17日，阳光创译董事长吕国博士陪同中冶集团领导奔赴巴基斯坦参与某铁矿项目并提供了翻译服务；在同年6月份，阳光创译董事长吕国博士再次赴巴基斯坦为某企业提供翻译服务，并着手筹备建立巴基斯坦分公司。至今，吕国博士已经先后六次赴巴基斯坦参与翻译与咨询业务，并已于2015年8月11日,在巴基斯坦第二大城市拉合尔正式成立办公室。

阳光创译吕国博士赴巴基斯坦筹建分公司

在巴基斯坦分公司的建立上，阳光创译董事长吕国博士有着自己独到的想法。吕国博士指出，巴基斯坦与中国在历史上有着深厚的兄弟友谊，不管是在政府高层，还是民间群众基础上，都存在语言互补的优势。巴基斯坦的“国语”是乌尔都语，“官方语言”是英语，政府，学校等机构用英语交流。在中国，中文为第一语言，英语为第一外语。在语言方面，巴基斯坦和中国无疑是互补的。

在2015年10月10日，“2015巴基斯坦地质调查与管理研修班开班典礼”于北京西郊宾馆正式开幕，会议由中国地质调查局发展研究中心向运川主任主持，阳光创译总经理吕国博士为典礼提供口译服务。

阳光创译董事长吕国博士为开班典礼现场提供口译服务

在研修班上，吕国博士结识了巴基斯坦大使馆泽米尔·阿万先生，泽米尔·阿万先生在致辞中表示，尽管国际和国内局势在变化，但中巴之间全天候的友谊永远不会改变。中巴双方在过去的合作中取得了巨大的成就，巴方将继续利用好“一带一路”的有利背景，发挥好自身独特的优势，为两国的合作带来更多的红利。泽米尔·阿万先生同时还表示，希望学员们能好好珍惜在华培训的机会，为两国今后在地质矿业能源领域的合作奠定更坚实的基础。

典礼会后吕国博士与泽米尔▪阿万参赞进行了亲密的交流，双方就中巴地质矿业的形势交换了看法与意见，并表示巴基斯坦地质矿产调查与管理研修班的成立开启了两国矿业交流的新篇章，为我们搭起了更牢固的友谊之桥，双方也祝愿中巴两国在地质矿业界能够有更好的合作与发展！

泽米尔▪阿万参赞在中巴的文化理解与“一带一路”方面有他自己颇为深刻的见解，下面是他于2017年12月25日在环球时报上发表的文章，大家可以深刻感受一下“一带一路”为中巴的文化沟通做了了那些贡献。

Cultural understanding strong bond for B&R success

文化理解对“一带一路”成功做出了巨大的贡献

By Zamir Ahmed Awan

作者 泽米尔 阿万

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative is a mega plan for the century. It will be a game-changer for the whole region, improving economic and security conditions. It will have a far-reaching impact on the geopolitical scenario of the region as well.

“一带一路”(B&R)倡议是一项庞大的世纪工程，它将影响整个区域的发展，改善经济和安全状况，也将对地缘政治格局产生深远影响。

Unlike other existing alliances such as the EU, Gulf Cooperation Council, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Organization of Islamic Cooperation and African Union, which are based on common cultural backgrounds, the B&R initiative includes countries and regions with diverse cultures, religions, languages and political systems. Some of the countries are based on the socialist political system, while others follow the capitalist system. The initiative includes countries with Islam as their religion, as well as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and secular nations. Some of the countries are developed, some are developing and a few are underdeveloped. Their languages also vary widely.

与现有联盟不同，例如欧盟，海湾合作委员会，东南亚国家联盟，伊斯兰合作组织和非洲联盟等组织是建立在共同的文化背景基础之上的，“一带一路”倡议则覆盖了具有不同文化，宗教信仰，语言，政治制度的国家和地区。其中一些国家是社会主义政治制度，一些国家是资本主义制度，有信仰伊斯兰教的国家，信仰基督教，佛教，印度教的国家以及世俗国家。有发达国家，也有发展中国家，还有一些不发达的国家。他们的语言也存在很大差异。

吕国博士与团队同事及巴方官员合影

Their cultural values are not only different from one another: sometimes they are direct opposites. For example, in China when people are happy, they drink alcohol and celebrate, while in Muslim countries it is prohibited to drink alcohol. In some countries, it is common practice that people criticize their governments, but in other countries it is improper or even forbidden to speak against the government or the leadership.

他们的文化价值观不仅彼此不同，有时他们是直接的对立面。例如，在中国，人们快乐的时候，他们喝酒和庆祝，而在穆斯林国家则禁止喝酒。在一些国家，人们批评政府是普遍的做法，但在一些国家对政府或领导层发表反对言论是不恰当的甚至禁止的。

Given all these differences, implementation of the B&R initiative could be much more difficult than other alliances of the world. Below is a case study of Pakistan and China. We tried to find common cultural values in both nations as a basis for a strong bond for the overall success of the B&R initiative.

考虑到所有这些差异，实施“一带一路”倡议可能比世界上其他联盟更为困难。以下是巴基斯坦和中国的个案研究。我们试图在这两个国家找到共同的文化价值观，以此为一带一路计划的全面成功奠定坚实的基础。

Despite having different political systems, religions, languages and so forth, both countries enjoy an ideal relationship. This relationship is based on cherished values of international law including non-interference, equality, justice, mutual benefit and mutual respect. The Sino-Pakistan relationship has grown stronger and proved to be a role model in international relations for the rest of the world.

尽管存在着不同的政治制度，宗教信仰，语言等，两国建立了理想的关系。这种关系是基于珍惜国际法的价值观，包括不干涉，平等，正义，互利和相互尊重。中巴关系不断发展壮大，成为了世界其他国际关系的榜样。

阳光创译董事长吕国博士与巴基斯坦当地群众合影

In China, like Pakistan, family is the basic unit of society and Chinese believe in strong family bonds. Parents take care of their children even after their marriages. Grandparents have a very special love for grandchildren, too. Traditionally the marriage bond has been very strong and divorce was considered a curse. Elderly parents were looked after by their children until they died.

在中国，像巴基斯坦一样，家庭是社会的基本单位，中国人相信强大的家庭纽带。即使孩子结婚后父母也会照顾他们。祖父母对孙辈也有一种特别的爱。传统上，婚姻关系非常强大，离婚被认为是一种诅咒。老人的父母由他们的孩子照顾，直到他们死亡。

However, recently under the influence of Western culture, the marriage bond has weakened in China and the divorce rate has increased. Old parents also face difficulty in living with their children. The same is happening in Pakistan and Western culture has been visible in our society too. Women in both countries are the financial managers of the family, responsible for spending and saving.

但最近在西方文化的影响下，中国的婚姻关系已经减弱，离婚率有所上升。老父母在与子女生活上也面临困难。巴基斯坦也是如此，西方文化的影响在我们的社会也是可见的。两国的女性日渐成为都是家庭的财务管理者，负责支出和储蓄。

In both societies, traditionally marriages were arranged by parents or elders of the family. But these days, youngsters get to know each other and marry with or without the consent of their parents. Traditionally, red dresses were used for brides in China as is still the case in Pakistan. Recently however, white dresses have become more common under Western influence.Before marriage, functions were arranged during the day and lunch was served. Now such functions are held in the evening and dinner is served, although there could be exceptions in rural areas of both countries. Chinese people usually give gifts of hongbao during marriage ceremonies and so do Pakistani people. The difference lies in the colors of the envelopes.

在两国的社会中，传统的婚姻都是由家庭的父母或长辈安排的。但现在，年轻人彼此相识后，经父母同意或未经父母同意而结婚。传统上，在中国新娘使用红色礼服，在巴基斯坦情况依然如此。然而，最近在西方的影响下，白色礼服变得更加普遍。结婚前，白天安排婚礼仪式提供午餐服务。现在这样的仪式是在晚上举行，提供晚餐，虽然在两国的农村可能有例外。中国人通常在结婚仪式上相赠红包，巴基斯坦人也是如此。不同之处在于信封的颜色。

吕国博士与巴基斯坦军队合影

Also, Chinese hospitality is proverbial and they entertain their guests with the best possible food and gifts, even if they can barely afford it. Friendship is valued very highly in Chinese culture. While at the dinner table in a restaurant, friends often quarrel over paying the bill. This behavior is very common both in Chinese and Pakistani society.

另外，中国人的热情好客，他们尽可能地用最好的食物和礼物招待客人，即使他们几乎不能承受。中国文化中非常重视友谊。在餐厅的餐桌上，朋友们经常为支付账单而争执。这种行为在中国和巴基斯坦社会都非常普遍。

Both countries have taken several initiatives to promote understanding between the people of two countries. Nearly 20 universities in Pakistan have established China Study centers with the aim to bring awareness about China among the youth of Pakistan. Four Confucius centers have already been established in Pakistan by the Chinese government for teaching Chinese language and culture to Pakistani nationals. A few more will be established in the near future.

两国已采取多项举措，增进两国人民之间的了解。巴基斯坦近20所大学建立了中国研究中心，目的是提高巴基斯坦青年对中国的认识。中国政府已经在巴基斯坦建立了四个孔子学院，为巴基斯坦国民教授汉语和文化。在不久的将来还会有更多成立。

Exchanges of youth and professional delegations between the two countries have become a very regular thing. A sector under special focus is the media, with frequent seminars, workshops and study trips. More than 20,000 Pakistani students are enrolled at Chinese universities in various specializations, including engineering, agriculture, social sciences and health. They are learning these subjects in addition to Chinese language and culture. When they return to Pakistan, they will bring Chinese culture.

两国青年和专业代表团之间的交流已成为非常普遍的事情。一个特别关注的领域是媒体，经常举办研讨会，研讨会和考察旅行。有超过2万多巴基斯坦学生就读于中国的各个大学，学习包括工程，农业，社会科学和卫生健康等各个专业。他们除了学习中文和文化外，还学习这些科目。当他们回到巴基斯坦时，他们会带来中国文化。

吕国博士与巴基斯坦专家

Through films and TV series, both sides are narrowing cultural gaps. Many Chinese universities are teaching the national language of Pakistan (Urdu) to Chinese youths. Several universities in China have established Pakistan Study centers. The Chinese Embassy in Pakistan and Pakistani Embassy in China are promoting public diplomacy.  Enhanced people-to-people contact will help mutual understanding.

通过电影和电视剧，双方正在缩小文化差距。许多中国大学正在向中国青年传授巴基斯坦的国语（乌尔都语）。中国的几所大学建立了巴基斯坦研究中心。中国驻巴基斯坦大使馆和巴基斯坦驻华使馆正在推动公共外交。加强人与人之间的联系将有助于相互理解。

In view of these commonalities and initiatives, it is natural that the two countries are close allies and enjoy a friendship "higher than mountains, deeper than occasions, sweeter than honey, stronger than steel." Our cooperation will even grow stronger and closer day by day. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor will be a success story and role model for the rest of world and ensure the success of the B&R initiative.

鉴于这些共同点和倡议，两国自然是亲密的朋友，并且有着“比山更深，比蜜更甜，比钢更强”的友谊。我们的合作关系日益密切。中巴经济走廊将成为世界其他地区的成功典范和榜样，并确保“一带一路”倡议取得成功。

The author is a sinologist and researcher with the Chinese Studies Center of Excellence, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

作者 泽米尔 阿万 汉学家、巴基斯坦国立科技大学中国学研究中心学者

翻译 马冰莹 中国社科院大学学生